The name of the famous person of India who returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the atrocities in Punjab in 1919 was :
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(b) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(d) Syed Ahmed Khan
Correct Answer: (c) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation:
Rabindranath Tagore, the renowned Indian poet, philosopher, and Nobel laureate, returned the Knighthood conferred upon him by the British Government in 1919 as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Incorrect Options:
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru:
Why Incorrect? Tej Bahadur Sapru was a prominent Indian lawyer and political leader, but he did not return a Knighthood in response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
(b) Ashutosh Mukherjee:
Why Incorrect? Ashutosh Mukherjee was a prominent educationist and jurist but was not associated with the return of any British honor as a protest against the massacre.
(d) Syed Ahmed Khan:
Why Incorrect? Syed Ahmed Khan, a prominent reformer and educationist, passed away in 1898, long before the Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919.
Conclusion:
Rabindranath Tagore’s decision to return his Knighthood was a powerful symbolic gesture against British colonial atrocities, highlighting his deep commitment to justice and human rights.
M. C. Setalvad, B. N. Rao and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer were distinguished members of the :
(a) Swaraj Party
(b) All India National Liberal Federation
(c) Servants of India Society
(d) None of these
Correct Answer: (d) None of these
Explanation:
M. C. Setalvad, B. N. Rao, and Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer were prominent Indian legal experts and jurists. Their contributions were primarily related to the legal and constitutional framework of India. However, none of the given options accurately aligns with their collective role or achievements. Let's analyze the options:
(a) Swaraj Party:
Why Incorrect? The Swaraj Party was established in 1923 by leaders like C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru, aiming to contest elections under British rule. These individuals were not directly affiliated with the Swaraj Party.
(b) All India National Liberal Federation:
Why Incorrect? This was a moderate group that participated in constitutional reforms under British rule. While M. C. Setalvad was associated with legal reforms, he was not a prominent member of this federation.
(c) Servants of India Society:
Why Incorrect? Founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905, this society focused on social reforms. While these individuals contributed to India's constitutional framework, they were not members of this organization.
Actual Context:
Their contributions were mainly towards legal and constitutional development rather than any of the specific groups listed above.
Conclusion:
The question seems to have an inconsistency, as none of the options appropriately describe the collective association of these individuals. However, based on their individual contributions, they were primarily related to the legal and constitutional framework of India.
At which congress session did Dadabhai Naoroji announce that Swaraj was the goal of India’s political efforts ?
(a) 1886 Calcutta session
(b) 1893 Lahore session
(c) 1905 Banaras session
(d) 1906 Calcutta session
Correct Answer: (d) 1906 Calcutta session
Explanation:
The 1906 Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress is historically significant because Dadabhai Naoroji, presiding over the session, declared that Swaraj (self-rule) was the ultimate goal of India's political efforts.
Key Points:
Dadabhai Naoroji is often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India."
At this session, Naoroji emphasized the need for Swaraj as India's political objective.
His definition of Swaraj was not complete independence but rather self-government within the British Empire, similar to the dominion status enjoyed by countries like Canada and Australia at the time.
This session also endorsed the four-fold resolution on Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, and National Education, marking the Congress's commitment to these methods.
Incorrect Options:
(a) 1886 Calcutta session:
Why Incorrect? The 1886 session was an early session of the Congress presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji. However, the concept of Swaraj was not formally articulated as the political goal during this session.
(b) 1893 Lahore session:
Why Incorrect? This session did not focus on Swaraj but dealt with issues related to reforms under British rule. Swaraj as a goal had not yet been declared.
(c) 1905 Banaras session:
Why Incorrect? The Banaras session was presided over by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. The main focus here was the Partition of Bengal (1905) and the Swadeshi movement, not the explicit declaration of Swaraj.
Conclusion:
The 1906 Calcutta session, presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, was a landmark in India's freedom struggle as it officially articulated Swaraj (self-rule) as the primary goal of the Indian National Congress.
Who gave the slogan ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ ?
(a) Iqbal
(b) Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan
(c) Bhagat Singh
(d) S.C. Bose
Correct Answer: (b) Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan
Explanation:
The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad”, meaning “Long Live the Revolution,” was coined by Maulana Hasrat Mohani (His real name was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan.), a prominent freedom fighter and Urdu poet, in 1921. However, it gained widespread popularity when it was adopted by Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries during India’s independence movement.
Incorrect Options:
(b) M.K. Gandhi:
Why Incorrect? Gandhi focused on non-violence and non-cooperation rather than revolutionary slogans. He did not use or promote "Inquilab Zindabad."
(c) Bhagat Singh:
Why Incorrect? While Bhagat Singh popularized the slogan, he did not create it. The slogan predates his revolutionary activities.
(d) S.C. Bose:
Why Incorrect? Subhas Chandra Bose was known for other iconic slogans, such as "Jai Hind", but not "Inquilab Zindabad."
Conclusion:
The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” was coined by Maulana Hasrat Mohani, not by Iqbal or Bhagat Singh, but its close association with the revolutionary movement makes it one of the most enduring phrases from India’s struggle for independence.
The slogan ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ was first raised by :
(a) Lokmanya Tilak
(b) Veer Savarkar
(c) Chandrashekhar Azad
(d) Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer: (d) Bhagat Singh
Explanation:
The slogan "Inquilab Zindabad" (which means "Long Live the Revolution") was popularized by Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries during the Indian independence struggle. Though Maulana Hasrat Mohani first coined the phrase in 1921, it was Bhagat Singh who made it famous through his revolutionary activities and activism.
Incorrect Options:
(a) Lokmanya Tilak:
Why Incorrect? While Tilak was a prominent leader who called for self-rule and made significant contributions to India's independence movement, the slogan "Inquilab Zindabad" is not associated with him. Tilak is often remembered for the slogan “Swaraj is my birthright”.
(b) Veer Savarkar:
Why Incorrect? Veer Savarkar was an important revolutionary and leader, but the "Inquilab Zindabad" slogan is not attributed to him. Savarkar had other contributions and ideologies related to the independence movement.
(c) Chandrashekhar Azad:
Why Incorrect? Chandrashekhar Azad was a key figure in the revolutionary movement, often associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), but he did not coin the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad”.
Conclusion:
The slogan "Inquilab Zindabad" was popularized and widely associated with Bhagat Singh, who used it as a call for revolution and independence from British rule. Although Maulana Hasrat Mohani coined it, Bhagat Singh gave it significant momentum during the independence struggle.
Who said ‘’I therefore want freedom immediately, this very night, before dawn if it can be had’’ ?
(a) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Annie Besant
Correct Answer: (d) Annie Besant
Explanation:
The quote "I therefore want freedom immediately, this very night, before dawn if it can be had" was famously said by Annie Besant during the Home Rule Movement in the early 20th century. She was a prominent British-born Indian nationalist and a strong advocate for self-rule for India.
Context: Annie Besant was deeply involved in the movement for India's self-governance and independence. She was instrumental in leading the Home Rule Movement, which sought immediate self-rule for India within the British Empire. This particular quote was made in the context of her call for India's immediate freedom.
Incorrect Options:
(a) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru:
Why Incorrect? While Jawaharlal Nehru was a pivotal leader in India's independence movement, especially in the Quit India Movement and the later stages of the struggle, this specific quote is not attributed to him.
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad:
Why Incorrect? Dr. Rajendra Prasad, India's first President, was a key figure in the Indian independence movement, but this particular quote is not his.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi:
Why Incorrect? Mahatma Gandhi advocated for non-violent resistance and was a central figure in India's independence struggle, but the quote is not his. Gandhi did make several passionate statements about India’s freedom, but this one is associated with Annie Besant.
Conclusion:
The quote was made by Annie Besant, who was one of the foremost leaders advocating for immediate self-rule for India, marking her as a significant figure in the early independence movement.
Ancient Monuments Preservation Act was passed during the Viceroyalty of :
(a) Ripon
(b) Curzon
(c) Monto
(d) Lansdowne
Correct Answer: (b) Curzon
Explanation:
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act was passed during the Viceroyalty of Lord Curzon in 1904. This Act was aimed at the protection and preservation of India's ancient monuments and archaeological sites, reflecting Curzon's interest in heritage and culture.
Incorrect Options:
(a) Ripon:
Why Incorrect? Lord Ripon, known for his liberal policies, served as the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884, but he was not responsible for passing the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act.
(c) Minto:
Why Incorrect? Lord Minto was Viceroy from 1905 to 1910, but he did not pass the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act. His tenure is known for the Minto-Morley Reforms (1909), which focused on political reforms, not heritage preservation.
(d) Lansdowne:
Why Incorrect? Lord Lansdowne served as Viceroy from 1888 to 1894, but he did not pass this Act. His tenure is better known for the Lansdowne Reforms and the introduction of educational policies, rather than heritage preservation.
Conclusion:
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904 was passed during the tenure of Lord Curzon, who took significant steps toward protecting India's cultural heritage.
According to the Poona Pact :
(a) Depressed Classes were to have separate electorates
(b) Sikhs and Indian Christians would get minority status
(c) the number of seats reserved for the Depressed Classes were nearly doubled
(d) the candidates for the Depressed Classes seats would be chosen by the Congress in consultation with the Depressed Classes Federation
Correct Answer: (c) the number of seats reserved for the Depressed Classes were nearly doubled
Explanation:
The Poona Pact was signed in 1932 between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi, following a confrontation over the question of separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (now referred to as Scheduled Castes). The key provisions of the Poona Pact were:
Incorrect Options:
(a) Depressed Classes were to have separate electorates:
Why Incorrect? This was the issue that Gandhi opposed in the first place, leading to the fast-unto-death. The Poona Pact rejected separate electorates and agreed to joint electorates with reserved seats for the Depressed Classes instead.
(b) Sikhs and Indian Christians would get minority status:
Why Incorrect? The Poona Pact was focused on the representation of the Depressed Classes (Scheduled Castes). It did not specifically address the minority status of Sikhs or Indian Christians.
(d) The candidates for the Depressed Classes seats would be chosen by the Congress in consultation with the Depressed Classes Federation:
Why Incorrect? While the Congress did play a role in the political framework of the time, the Poona Pact did not specify that the candidates for Depressed Classes seats would be chosen solely by the Congress in consultation with the Depressed Classes Federation. The candidates were to be elected through joint electorates.
Conclusion:
The Poona Pact of 1932 was a significant agreement that ensured political representation for the Depressed Classes through joint electorates and increased reserved seats. This compromise between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi played a crucial role in India's struggle for social justice and political equality.
Why was the Simon Commission appointed before the passage of the stipulated ten years after the 1919 Reforms ?
(a) The British Government capitulated to nationalist demands in the wake of excessive revolutionary activities
(b) The nationalist pressure became too heavy for the British Government
(c) The conservative Government of Britain was faced with electoral defeat in the impending election and did not want to leave the constitutional issue to the Labour Government
(d) For all the above reasons
Correct Answer: (c) The conservative Government of Britain was faced with electoral defeat in the impending election and did not want to leave the constitutional issue to the Labour Government
Explanation:
The Simon Commission was appointed by the British government in 1927 to review and suggest further constitutional reforms in India, despite the Government of India Act 1919 stipulating that such a review should occur ten years later, i.e., in 1929.
The Conservative Government in Britain, under Stanley Baldwin, was facing electoral defeat in the upcoming general elections. In an attempt to settle the constitutional issue on their terms and avoid leaving it to the Labour Party (who might have been more sympathetic to Indian demands), the Conservative Government rushed the formation of the Simon Commission.
The government sought to avoid having the Labour Party take up constitutional matters that could be influenced by nationalist pressure in India. The timing of the Commission's formation was also linked to British concerns over maintaining control over Indian affairs.
The Simon Commission was met with intense opposition from Indian nationalists, who were upset that it had no Indian members. This led to widespread protests and the famous Simon Go Back slogan.
The Indian National Congress and other Indian political groups, including Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha, demanded that Indians should be included in the Commission.
The Commission’s findings led to further debates on the political future of India and ultimately to the Round Table Conferences.
Incorrect Options:
(a) The British Government capitulated to nationalist demands in the wake of excessive revolutionary activities:
Why Incorrect? This is not the reason for the early formation of the Simon Commission. The Simon Commission was not a direct response to nationalist revolutionary activities, but rather an attempt by the Conservative Government in Britain to preemptively address constitutional issues.
(b) The nationalist pressure became too heavy for the British Government:
Why Incorrect? While nationalist pressure was indeed increasing, the reason for the Commission being appointed early was more about political calculations in Britain, particularly with the impending electoral defeat of the Conservative government.
Conclusion:
The Simon Commission was appointed before the stipulated ten years due to the political calculations of the Conservative Government in Britain, who wanted to handle constitutional reforms before the Labour Party could take over, making it a precautionary move to avoid leaving constitutional changes in their hands.
Who established Hindustan Socialist Republican Army ?
(a) S.C. Bose
(b) Ras Bihari Bose
(c) Chandrashekhar Azad
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer: (b) Ras Bihari Bose
Explanation:
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was established by Ras Bihari Bose in 1924. It was a revolutionary organization formed to fight against British colonial rule and aimed at establishing a socialist republic in India. The HSRA was particularly focused on armed resistance and was involved in various revolutionary activities, including bombings and assassination attempts on British officials.
Incorrect Options:
(a) S.C. Bose:
Why Incorrect? Subhas Chandra Bose was an important figure in the Indian independence struggle, but he was not involved in the founding of the HSRA. He was associated with the Indian National Congress and later with the Indian National Army (INA).
(c) Chandrashekhar Azad:
Why Incorrect? Chandrashekhar Azad was one of the key leaders of the HSRA and participated in its activities, but he did not establish the organization. He joined it after its formation.
(d) Sardar Bhagat Singh:
Why Incorrect? Bhagat Singh was a prominent member of the HSRA and contributed significantly to its activities, but he did not establish it. He became involved with the organization after its founding.
Conclusion:
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded by Ras Bihari Bose in 1924 as a revolutionary organization aimed at achieving independence and promoting socialist ideals through armed resistance against the British colonial rule.
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