1. Which of the following statements about bacteria is correct?
A. They are on the borderline of living and non-living
B. They are on the borderline of plants and animals
C. They are on the borderline of flowering and non-flowering plants
D. None of the above
None of the given statements about bacteria is correct.
They are prokaryotes (Pro 
primitive, karyon nucleus) which possess a primitive nucleus. They have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan.
Viruses are on the borderline of living and non-living. They can replicate within the host cell, but in the absence of it, they are non-living. These can be stored for several years as crystals.
Euglena is on the borderline of plants and animals. It has chlorophyll like plants, but can live like animals as well. There is no bacteria on the borderline of flowering and non-flowering plants.
2. The smallest organism, capable of autonomous growth and reproduction is
A. virus
B. bacteria
C. mycoplasma
D. bacteriophage
The smallest organism capable of autonomous growth and reproduction is mycoplasma. They do not have a cell wall. Their genetic material is represented by a single DNA duplex, which is naked.
3. Nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the nodules of the root of leguminous plants are
A. saprophytic
B. parasitic
C. symbiotic
D. protolytic
Nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the nodules of the root of leguminous plant are symbiotic. These bacteria live in the roots of leguminous plants including pears, beans, alfalfa and cloves. During nitrogen fixation, some bacteria, e.g. Rhizobium japonicum convert nitrogen gas into ammonium compounds.
4. Which one of the bacteria is responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the methanogens present in the animal?
A. Paramecium
B. Mycoplasma
C. Cyanobacteria
D. Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria is responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the methanogens present in the animal. Methanogens belongs to Archaebacteria group. They are involved in the production of methane gas in the ruminants.
5. Estuaries possess distinct blooms of excessive growth of a pigmented dinoflagellates. These blooms are called
A. red tides
B. sea tides
C. black tides
D. sea flowers
Estuaries possess distinct blooms of excessive growth of a pigmented dinoflagellates. These blooms are called red tides.
'Red tide' name comes from the fact that the overgrown algae can cause water to change colour.
Red tides are one form of harmful algal bloom and pose serious threats to human, marine mammals, fish and many other organisms that ingest the toxin.
6. Single cell eukaryotes are included in
A. Fungi
B. Monera
C. Protista
D. Archea
E. Answer not known
A.
B.
C.
D.
Single cell eukaryotes are included in Protista. They can be unicellular, colonial or multicellular, and exhibit a wide range of structures, behaviours and ecological roles.
7. Assertion (A) Amoeba reproduces by fission. Reason (R) All unicellular organisms reproduces by asexual methods.
Codes
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A .
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A .
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
A is true, but R is false.
This is because Amoeba is a unicellular protozoan that often reproduces by means of asexual method binary fission.
Under favourable conditions, during which the parent cell divides to form two daughter cells. While under unfavourable condition, it reproduces by multiple fission.
Most of the unicellular organism undergoes asexual reproduction as it is a simple rapid method that requires only a single parent, but its not the case of all unicellular organisms as many organisms use the simple methods of sexual reproduction also.
8. Which one of the following statements about the life process of unicellular organism is not correct?
A. They require a separate organ for feeding
B. No separate organ is required for respiration
C. Waste material is generated by these organisms
D. They remain in contact with the external environment
Statement (a) is not correct about the life process of unicellular organisms as they are single-celled and thus, they do not require separate organs like mouth for feeding. Autotrophic unicellular organisms make their own food, while heterotrophic unicellular organisms ingest food through cell membrane.
9. Which of the following groups of organisms is important in detecting death due to drowning?
A. Lichen
B. Protozoa
C. Cyanobacteria
D. Diatoms
Diatoms are important in detecting death due to drowning. Soluene-350 tests the presence of diatom in the tissues of the lungs, blood and other organs such as heart, liver, etc. of the dead body and confirms the person's death by drowning. The diatoms are unicellular silican cell-walled plant like protists that are the members of the class Chrysophyta.
10. Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds results in the production of toxins known as aflatoxins which are generally not destroyed by normal cooking process. Aflatoxin are produced by
A. bacteria
B. protozoans
C. moulds
D. viruses
Aflatoxins are produced by moulds, e.g. Aspergillus sp. Bacteria, protozoans and viruses do not produce aflatoxin.
11. Yeast and mushrooms are
A. algae
B. gymnosperm
C. fungi
D. tuberous roots
Yeast and mushrooms are fungi. Yeasts are non-filamentous Ascomycetes. They multiply asexually by budding or fission. Mushrooms are edible and non-edible fungi, which possess umbrella-like basidiocarps.
12. The major fungus that affects food-grains in storage is
A. Aspergillus
B. Mucor
C. Rhizopus
D. None of these
The major fungus that affects food grains in storage is Aspergillus. It is a group of storage fungi that usually invade grain or seed during storage. They are generally not present in large quantities before harvest in the field. Common storage fungi also include species of Penicillium.
13. With reference to 'Gucchi' sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements.
1. It is a fungus.
2. It grows in some Himalayan forest areas.
3. It is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of North-Eastern India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. Only 1
B. Only 3
C. 1 and 2
D. 2 and 3
Statements (1) and (2) are correct as 'Gucchi is a fungus and it grows in Himalayan forest areas.
Gucchi is a species of fungus. It belongs to familyMorchellaceae of the ascomycota. It grows in the Himalayan conifer forest across temprate regions and foothills in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir. They are pale yellow in colour with large pits and ridges on the surface of the cap.
14. Consider the following statements.
) is/are correct?A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All four
All the given statements are correct as certain mushrooms, such as Fomes fomentarius, have been used in traditional medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
They have been utilised in treating ulcers, bronchitis and tuberculosis. Mushrooms are a rich source of vitamin- 
, essential for brain function, as well as tryptophan and serotonin, which regulate mood, appetite and sleep. They possess antidepressant properties and are being explored for potential mental disorder treatments. Some mushrooms show promise in producing anti-feedant compounds and insecticidal proteins and certain mushrooms, like phyllostachydis, exhibit bioluminescence or light-emitting properties.
15. In which characteristic feature, animals are different from plants?
A. Nutrition
B. Biological functions
C. Reproduction
D. Composition/Structure
Nutrition is the characteristic feature that differentiate plant from animals.
Animals are dependent on plants for nutrition, whereas plants make their own food. Animals and plants are similar in all other characteristics, i.e., biological function, reproduction, etc.
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