1．During the Rigvedic period, Nishka was an ornament of
A. ear
B. neck
C. arm
D. wrist
During the Rigvedic period Nishka was an ornament of neck．
But in later times it is referred to represent a coin majorly gold coin Nishka is a term which means pure and honest It was used in the ancient India to describe gold
2．What was the medium of trade exchange during Vedic period ?
1．Nishka
2．Krishnala
3．Shatman
4．Gan
5．Shreni
Codes
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2,3 and 4
C. 1, 2, 4 and 5
D. 1,3 and 5
Nishka, Krishnala and Shatman were the trade exchange mediums during Vedic period. Rigveda describes Nishka as a neck ornament. In later stage of Vedic period, Nishka was used to represent gold. Shatman and Krishnala were the other gold and silver coins in Vedic period.
Shreni is the representation of association of traders and merchants while Gan was an assembly or troop. These were the associations and was not the medium of exchange.
3. The Rigvedic tribal assembly that associated with Judicial function was
A. Sabha
B. Samiti
C. Vidhata
D. All of these
The Rigvedic tribal assembly associated with Judicial function was Sabha.
Sabha in Vedic era denotes both the assembly (in early Rigvedic) and assembly hall (in later Rigvedic) of all citizens of the state.
Women who were called Sabhavati also attended this assembly. It was basically a kin-based assembly or an elite gathering and the practice of women attending the assembly was stopped in later Vedic times.
4. What were the two assemblies during the early Vedic period?
A. Samiti
B. Sabha
C. Samiti and Sangam
D. Both a and b
Samiti and Sabha were the two assemblies during the early Vedic period. They played an important role in checking power of the king and the re-distribution of resources.
The Atharvaveda identified Sabha and Samiti as two daughters of the high Vedic God Prajapati. Sabha referred to a body of men sitting together while Samiti referring to a gathering, assembly or council of people.
5. In early Vedic age, the business of the tribe was carried out in a popular assembly known as
A. Samiti
B. Sabha
C. Sreni
D. None of these
In early Vedic age, the business of the tribe was carried out in a popular assembly known as Samiti.
It was a folk assembly in which people of the tribe gathered for tribal business.
It discussed philosophical issues and was concerned with the religious ceremonies and prayers.
6. Which among the following is the correct ascending order of the political structure of Rigvedic India?
A. Grama < Kula < Vis < Rashtra < Jana
B. Kula < Grama < Vis < Jana < Rashtra
C. Rashtra < Jana < Grama < Kula < Vis
D. Jana < Grama < Kula < Vis < Rashtra
The correct ascending order of the political structure of Rigvedic India are Kula < Grama < Vis < Jana < Rashtra.
Kula (family) included all the people living under the same roof. A collection of several families constitutes the Grama (village) and its headman was called Gramini. The collection of several Grama (village) was called as the Vis and its head was called Vispati.
Several Vis constituted a Jana as it is mentioned as Pancha-jana, Yadav-jana and Bharata-jana. The aggregation of all Janas constitutes Rashtra (country).
7. In context of Indian culture 'Rit' means
A. natural law
B. artificial law
C. human law
D. social law
In context of Indian culture, 'Rit' means natural law.
Rit stands for the infallible order which is ultimately responsible for the proper functioning of the natural, moral and sacrificial order. The Vedic idea of nature is not disconnected with man's social and personal experiences and thus, Rit forms a complex idea of cosmic-moral order.
8. In which phase, the concept of untouchability was put clearly?
A. Rigvedic phase
B. Later Vedic phase
C. Later Gupta phase
D. Dharmashastra phase
The concept of untouchability was put clearly in Dharmashastra phase.
According to the religious Hindu text, untouchable were not considered as a part of the Varna system. Therefore, they were not treated like the Savarnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras). Dharmashastra is a genre of Sanskrit text on law and conduct and refers to the treatises on Dharma. It is based upon Vedas.
9. The 'Dharma' and 'Rita' depict a central idea of ancient Vedic civilisation of India. In this context, consider the following statements.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Both the statements are correct regarding 'Dharma' and 'Rita'.
Dharma is derived from the root Dhr which means to hold or to support this world. It was a conception of obligations and discharge of one's duties to oneself and to others. Dharma is conceived as the course of action which is followed by any person would lead to both physical and spiritual gain in this world.
Rita is predecessor to Dharma and is the original Rigvedic concept which refers to the principle of natural order which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.
10. Who among the following women scholars were related to the Rigvedic period?
Vishwavara 2. Apala 3. Lopamudra 4. Ghosha
Choose the correct option.
A. 1 and 2
B. 1,2 and 3
C. 2, 3 and 4
D. All of these
All of the given options are correct regarding women scholars related to the Rigvedic period. Vishwavara is famous for approaching the blazing sacrificial fire at dawn with her face towards the East, offering oblations to the Gods and praying for love and happiness in wedded life.
Apala regarded as a Brahmavadini, is a character mentioned in Rigveda. It is said that her husband discarded her as she was affected with a skin disease. Lopamudra is also known as Kaushitaki and Varaprada was a philosopher according to ancient Vedic Indian Literature.
Ghosha was also known as Brahmavadini, was an ancient Vedic period Indian female philosopher.
11. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini who composed some hymns of the Vedas?
A. Lopamudra
B. Gargi
C. Leelavati
D. Savitri
Among the given options, Lopamudra was a Brahmavadini who composed some hymns of the Vedas.
Brahmavadini were the women who composed hymns in Rigveda. She was the wife of Agasthya, known for his command over Sanskrit and Tamil. The meaning of the word 'Lopamudra' is 'one who is totally absorbed in herself'. She is also known as Kaushitaki and Varaprada. River Cauvery in Karnataka is believed to be incarnation of Lopamudra.
12. Rigvedic religion was
A. polytheistic
B. monotheistic
C. monistic
D. libertarian
The Rigvedic religion was polytheistic. It means belief in or worship of more than one God. The nature of Rigvedic religion was polytheistic i.e., belief in many Gods but each God standing out in turns as the highest.
Rigvedic religion primarily consisted of the worship of Gods with a simple ceremony known as Yajna or sacrifice.
Sacrifice consisted of offering of milk, ghee, grain, flesh and soma. There were nearly 33 gods. Later day tradition classified them into three categories of terrestrial ariel and celestial god.
13. The religion of early Vedic Aryans was primarily of
A. Bhakti
B. image worship and Yajnas
C. worship of nature and Yajnas
D. worship of nature and Bhakti
The religion of early Vedic Aryans was primarily of worship of nature and Yajnas. Yajna literally means 'sacrifice, devotion, worship and offering'.
It has been a Vedic tradition. Yajnas were performed along the chanting of hymns. Yajnas like Rajasuya and Ashvamedha were performed to signify the imperial sway of monarchs over the rivals.
14. An inscription of 14th century BC which describes the Vedic Gods has been found in
A. Ecbatana
B. Boghazkoi
C. Babylon
D. Bisotun
An inscription of 14th century BC which describes the Vedic Gods has been found in Boghazkoi.
It describes the Vedic God namely Indra, Varuna, Mitra and Nasatyas. This inscription helps in establishing link between the movement and original homeland of the Aryans.
15. Who among the following was the most popular God of the early Vedic Aryans?
A. Varuna
B. Vishnu
C. Rudra
D. Indra
Indra or Purandara (destroyer of Fort) was the most popular God of the early Vedic Aryans. In Rigveda, Indra is the king of the Gods and ruler of the heaven.
Indra is the God of thunder and rain, and a great warrior, a symbol of courage and strength.
As a God of war, he is also regarded as one of the guardians of the directions representing the East. Indra has about 250 hymns dedicated to him in the Rigveda, more than those devoted to any other God.
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