1.The interaction between algae and fungi to form lichen is called
A. parasitism
B. mutualism
C. commensalism
D. coversion
The interaction between algae and fungi to form lichen is called mutualism. In this type of symbiotic relation both partners benefits from each other. The algae or cyanobacteria provide food to fungal partner by organic compounds through photosynthesis.
In return, fungal partner provides protection and shelter to the algae and gather moisture and nutrients from the environment.
2. Fungi are plants that lack
A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. chlorophyll
D. sunlight
E. None of these/More than one of these
A.
B.
C.
D.
Fungi are plants that lack chlorophyll as they do not perform the process of photosynthesis. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include mushroom and moulds.
3. Mushroom used for making juicy vegetable is a
A. fungus
B. alga
C. green vegetables
D. flesh of animals
Mushroom used for making juicy vegetable is a fungus.
4. Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of
A. algae and bacteria
B. algae and fungi
C. bacteria and fungi
D. fungi and mosses
Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of algae and fungi.
The fungi provides a suitable habitat for the partner, while algae provides photosynthetically fixed carbon as energy source for the system.
5. Which description is correct for lichens?
A. Alga makes available the moisture and minerals to fungus, which absorbs food by photosynthesis
B. The fungus makes available the moisture and minerals to alga, which prepares food by photosynthesis
C. They are facultative mutualistic
D. Lichens have well-developed stele for absorption of moisture
Lichens are dual organisms which contain a permanent association of a fungus and an alga. The fungus absorbs water and minerals from the soil and makes it available to the alga. Lichen is a good example of obligate mutualism, i.e. both fungus and alga are beneficial to each other and cannot survive without one another.
6. In lichen, a chlorophyll-containing partner 
live together.
A. fungus and a bacterium
B. alga and a virus
C. alga and a fungus
D. More than one of these
E. None of these
A.
B.
C.
D.
In lichen, a chlorophyll-containing partner. alga and a fungus live together. Algae prepares the food for fungal partner and the fungus provides the shelter and protection to the algae partner and also helps in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
7. Which of the following is an indicator of air pollution?
A. Puff balls
B. Algae
C. Lichen
D. Moss
Lichen is an indicator of air pollution.
Lichens are very sensitive towards air pollution. This is because of their absorption system which rapidly absorbs sulphur when exposed to 
contaminants, destroying algae's chlorophyll and eventually lichens. Thus, lichens are not found in air polluted areas.
8. Which of the following cell does not contain any enzymes?
A. Lichen
B. Virus
C. Bacteria
D. Algae
Virus does not contain any enzymes. These are the small infectious agents that replicate only inside the living cells. These are made up of genetic material either DNA or RNA. A protein coat called capsid protect their genetic material.
They do not have any metabolic machinery, they use host machinery for survival after infections. Thus, these are also called intracellular obligate parasites. Lichens, bacteria and algae contain enzyme to carry out their metabolic functioning.
9. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
Virus can infect
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
A. 1 and 2
B. Only 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Virus can infect bacteria, fungi and plants. Virus infecting bacteria is called bacteriophage, virus infecting fungi is called mycovirus and virus infecting plants are TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus), potato virus, etc.
10. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Prions are the smallest free-living cells
B. The cell wall of mycoplasma is made up of amino sugars
C. Viroids consist of single-stranded RNA molecules
D. Rickettsia lack cell wall
Statement (c) is correct as viroids are infectious RNA particles which are devoid of protein coat. They have single-stranded RNA molecule. They are the smallest self-replicating particles. Statements (a), (b) and (d) are incorrect because prions are infectious, proteinaceous agents. Mycoplasmas are prokaryotes having triple layered cell membrane, sensitive to tetracyclin.
These lack cell wall around them while rickettsia like organisms are also plant pathogens.
11. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
A. Only 1
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1,2 and 3
Statements (1) and (3) are correct.
Viruses are acellular microscopic organisms that multiply only when they are inside a living being as they do not have necessary enzymes for energy production.
Therefore, they use host machinery after infecting.
As they are non-living outside the living cell, they cannot move but can be transmitted by various carriers like mosquitoes, humans, etc.
Statement (2) is incorrect because virus cannot be cultured in any synthetic medium because they cannot thrive outside the host body.
12. Consider the following statements.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Statement (2) is correct because common cold can sometimes be caused by adenoviruses, while AIDS is caused by retrovirus.
Statement (1) is incorrect because Adenovirus have double-stranded DNA genomes, while retrovirus have single-stranded DNA genomes.
Adenovirus infections most commonly affect the respiratory system and have symptoms similar to common cold or flu.
13. Consider the following.
Which of the above can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium?
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1,2 and 3
Bacteria and fungi can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium. Many of them can be grown on nutritive media that can be seen with naked eye, e.g. fungus growing on bread. Viruses cannot be cultured in artificial medium as they require a living host cell for replication. Infected host cells can be cultured and grown, and then the growth medium can be harvested as a source of virus.
14. Consider the following statements.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Only statement (2) is correct chameleon can look ahead with one eye and at the same times look behind with another.
Statement (1) is not correct because Spirogyra is a green alga which is mostly found in floating surface of freshwater streams and ponds, not oceans.
15. Consider the following pairs.
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
A. Only one pair
B. Only two pairs
C. Only three pairs
D. All four pairs
Only two pairs are correctly matched. These can be explained as
Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation, in which the filament breaks into several pieces. Each piece grows as a new individual.
Yeasts are generally defined as unicellular fungi without fruiting bodies, which propagate by fission.
Planaria reproduces by the process of binary fission and regeneration.
Amoeba is a unicellular organism. It reproduces asexually by the process of binary fission.
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