1.Who used the word 'taxonomy' for the first time?
A. de Candolle
B. Huxley
C. Haeckel
D. Limnaeus
The word 'taxonomy' was used by A P de Candolle in 1813 for the first time. The origin of this word is from two Greek words : taxis (arrangement) and nomos (law).
Under taxonomy, the principles and methods related to the identification, naming and classification of organisms are studied.
2. The binomial system of nomenclature means writing the names of an organism in two parts. These two parts are respectively
A. Order and family
B. Species and variety
C. Family and genus
D. Genus and species
The binomial system of nomenclature means that the name of an organism is dividied into two parts, i.e. genus and species, respectively. The binomial nomenclature was described by Carolus Linnaeus in the tenth edition (1768) of his book Systema Naturae.
According to this method, the name of every living being has two parts. The first part represents the category or genus of the organism. It is called the generic name and the second part represents the species of the organism and is called specific epithet.
3. Who gave the definition of taxon?
A. Linnaeus
B. Takhtajan
C. Engler and Prantl
D. Meyer
Meyer gave the definition of taxon in 1964. Taxon refers to any group or rank in biological classification into which related organisms are classified.
4. Which of the following groups of living beings belong to the same species?
A. Chinese, American, Indians and Black Africans
B. Tigers, Lions and Cats
C. Pigeons, Doves and Partridges
D. Lizards, Crocodiles and Snakes
Chinese, American, Indians and Black Africans are groups of living beings belong to the same species.
Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species.
Human beings belong to the species-sapiens which is grouped in the genus-Homo.
5. What is the collection of local flora called?
A. Herbarium
B. Auditorium
C. Sanatorium
D. Planetarium
The collection of local flora is called herbarium.
It is the storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed and preserved on herbarium sheets.
6. The standard length 
width of herbarium sheet is
A. 
B.
C.
D.
The standard length 
width of herbarium sheet is or . Herbarium sheet is the most common method of permanent preservation of plant specimens.
7. Zoological parks have been created to provide protection to wild animals. National zoo is located at
A. New Delhi
B. Hyderabad
C. Kolkata
D. Lucknow
Zoological parks are places where wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care. These enable us to learn about their food habits and behaviour.
National zoo is located at New Delhi.
Nehru zoo is located in Hyderabad.
Alipur zoological garden is situated in Kolkata.
Lucknow zoo is located in Lucknow.
8 .The five kingdom system of classification was given by
A. Linnaeus
B. Copeland
C. Whittaker
D. Haeckel
The five kingdom system of classification was given by RH Whittaker. He classified all the living organisms into five kingdoms, viz., Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
9. Consider the following statements.
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All three
D. None
All the three statements (1), (2) and (3) are correct as some microorganisms can grow in environment with temperature above the boiling point of water. These are known as thermophiles.
Some microorganism can grow in environment with temperature below the freezing point of water.
They are known as cryophiles or psychrophiles. Some microorganism can grow in highly acidic environment with a pH below 3 . These are known as acidophiles.
Knowledgeris 
Thermophiles are adapted to thrive in extreme heat, such as hot springs. Psychrophiles are adapted to cold environment, such as polar regions or deep sea. Acidophiles are adapted to thrive in highly acidic conditions.
10. Organisms which grow best in the temperature range of 
are referred to as
A. Thermophiles
B. Psychrophiles
C. Hydrophiles
D. Mesophiles
Organisms which grow best in the temperature range of 
are referred to as psychrophiles. They are often found in places like deep ocean waters, polar regions, and permafrost.
Thermophiles are organisms that thrive at relatively high temperatures, typically between and . These organisms are commonly found in environments such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and compost heaps.
Hydrophiles, or hydrophilic organisms, are those that have an affinity for water and thrive in moist or aquatic environments.
Mesophiles are organisms that grow best in moderate temperature ranges, typically between and .
11. Who discovered bacteria?
A. Fleming
B. Lamble
C. Temin
D. Leeuwenhoek
The bacteria was discovered by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in year 1676.
Alexender Fleming in 1928 discovered world's first antibiotic penicillin from the mould of Penicillium notatum. Lamble discovered the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica in 1859. Temin discovered reverse transcriptase enzyme in 1972.
12. Which of the following organism is related to kingdom-Monera?
A. Diatom
B. Euglena
C. Anabaena
D. Ulothrix
Anabaena is the member of kingdomMonera. Bacteria are the sole members of kingdomMonera. They are the most abundant microorganisms that occur almost everywhere. They can be autotrophic, heterotrophic or chemotrophic. Anabaena is a cyanobacteria which can fix atmospheric nitrogen.
13. Nitrifying bacteria are
A. autotrophs
B. chemosynthetic autotrophs
C. host organism
D. photosynthetic autotrophs
Nitrifying bacteria are chemosynthetic autotrophs. They can oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for ATP production.
14. Which of the following microorganisms are used as biofertilisers?
A. Virus
B. Fungus
C. Protozoa
D. Cyanobacteria
Among the given options, cyanobacteria are the microorganisms used as biofertilisers. They are phototrophic, prokaryotic and Gram negative type bacteria. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) fixes atmospheric nitrogen through the structure called heterocyst present on their bodies. Due to this the amount of nitrogen in the soil increases and the production of the crop also increases, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc.
15. Assertion (A) Some bacteria can synthesise their own food.
Reason (R) These bacteria have green matter called chloroplasts.
codes
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
C. 
is true, but is false
D. A is false, but R is true
A is true, but 
is false.
Some bacteria can synthesise their own food. Such bacteria are called autotrophic bacteria. These can be of two types, i.e. chemoautotrophic and photoautotrophic.
Chemoautotrophic bacteria synthesise their food with the help of inorganic raw materials. They utilise energy derived by the oxidation of inorganic substance in the external medium.
Photoautotrophic bacteria possess bacteriochlorophyll for the synthesis of their food. This chlorophyll is different from plant chlorophyll which is a green pigment found inside well-defined cell organelle called chloroplast.
Thus, some bacteria can synthesise their own food either with the help of inorganic raw substances or with the help of bacteriochlorophyll.
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